
Development of a High-temperature Heat Pump for
il y a 4 semaines
Réf **ABG-127029**
- Sujet de Thèse- 20/11/2024- Autre financement public- Université de Liège, Chemical Engineering and Thermodynamic labs- Lieu de travail- Liège - Belgique- Intitulé du sujet-
- Champs scientifiques- Chimie
- Energie
- Sciences de l’ingénieur
- Mots clés- CO2 capture**Description du sujet**:
Research area:
To fulfil the requirements of the Paris agreement, deep decarbonisation goals should be met
by 2050. Among others, electrification of heat requirements in the industry is a promising
source of emissions reduction. Moreover, carbon capture (CC) technologies are also
identified as part of the solution, whether it is to address hard-to-abate emissions or to
enable carbon dioxide removal. For instance, one of the best and most mature available CC
technologies, amine-based chemical absorption, is still held back by its energy consumption.
High temperature heat (>120°C) is needed to generate the stripping vapour that effectively
separates CO2 from the chemical solvent. Conventionally, the required heat is provided by
withdrawing steam from the host process. However, steam can either be unavailable or not
conveniently accessible in all industrial processes, and it usually comes with a non-negligible
carbon impact. Developing alternative energy supplies is therefore relevant. The
development of (very) high-temperature heat pumps strongly supports the electrification
of industrial processes, including CO2 capture. Combined with increasing low-carbon
electricity availability, these technologies could significantly tackle industrial emissions.
- Description of the tasks:
on the hot sink side, the challenge is to achieve a sufficiently high temperature in a
controlled manner to prevent increased solvent degradation. On the cold source side, the
process releases low-grade waste heat, which implies a large temperature lift. The sources
also work over a large temperature glide, which complicates the temperature selection
process. The challenges are however not unique to CC systems: other industrial processes
may also benefit from2
The main objective of the thesis is to develop a high-temperature heat pump to power a CO2
capture system or other industrial processes with similar characteristics. In particular, an
amine-based CO2 capture pilot plant currently in development at the University of Liège will
be used as a case study. During the thesis, numerical models and an experimental prototype
will be developed (prototype budget already secured). The work will be organised into three
work packages: (1) optimal design of a heat pump system, (2) dynamic modelling and
control, and (3) experimental work.
The objective of the first work package is to build a pre-sizing tool for a high-temperature
heat pump. Its purpose is to help identify the best configuration for the heat pump in a given
tool will be able to designate the architecture, the working fluid, the dimensions of the main
components (heat exchange area, compressor volume ) and the working fluid internal
conditions (pressure and temperature levels) based on the knowledge of heat sources and
sinks.
To build that tool, three individual elements will be developed independently and then
combined:
- A large inventory of potential working fluids will be assembled, based on existing
mixtures, which seem fitting for sources and sinks with large temperature glides. The
inventory shall include thermodynamic properties as well as environmental and
safety characteristics (toxicity, Global Warming Potential, flammability )
- The capabilities of specific components, such as expansion energy recovery
equipment and compressors, will be studied more thoroughly and emerging products
will be studied in depth in order to obtain a wide picture of the available
technologies. The limitations (pressure, materials, tightness ) imposed on such
equipment by certain working fluids will also be investigated.
- Steady-state models will be developed for several promising architectures. Initial
validation will be based on data from manufacturers and openly available data from
scientific literature.
From these elements, it is planned that the tool will run a multi-objective optimisation (cost,
environmental impact, performance) to identify best configurations. Its use will be
The objective of the second task is to accumulate knowledge on the dynamic behaviour and
system control of the high-temperature heat-pump. From an optimal configuration
identified3
will be developed. The model will be used to understand the dynamic behaviour of the
different components (compressor, heat exchangers ) as well as the system as a whole. A
robust control strategy will be developed to guarantee an optimal operation even under
uncertainty. Different use scenarios will be tested with specific charge profiles based on the
case study. The objective is to verify that response times are compatible with the
The objective of the last task is to build and operate a prototype of such a heat p
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